تأثیر عوامل فیزیوگرافی بر تنوع زیستی و زی‌توده درختی در جنگل‌های نوشهر

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، گروه جنگلداری، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، چالوس، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه جنگلداری، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثر عوامل فیزیوگرافیک بر تنوع ‏زیستی و زی­توده درختی در جنگل­های سری چهار از حوضه 45 گلبند نوشهر با برداشت 48 قطعه‏­نمونه مربعی­شکل چهار آری در فواصل 200 متری روی شش خط­نمونه (۱۶۰۰-۱۰۰۰ متری) شمالی-جنوبی انجام شد. در هر قطعه­نمونه گونه، تعداد و درصد پوشش درختان و درختچه­ها، عوامل فیزیوگرافی شیب (سه طبقه)، جهت (سه طبقه) و ارتفاع از سطح دریا (هشت طبقه) برداشت شد. پوشش علفی با انتخاب پنج قطعه‏­نمونه 25 مترمربعی، چهار زیر قطعه‏­نمونه در گوشه­ها و یکی در مرکز نمونه بررسی شد. بررسی تنوع با شاخص­های تنوع سیمپسون، غنای مارگالف و یکنواختی شلدون و برآورد زی‌توده به روش آلومتریک انجام ‏شد. نتایج نشان ‏داد که اختلاف بین همه شاخص­های تنوع ‏زیستی و مقدار زی­توده در شرایط فیزیوگرافی مختلف معنی­دار بود. با افزایش شیب، میانگین شاخص­های تنوع ‏زیستی افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار شاخص­های تنوع سیمپسون در جهت شمال مشاهده شد (78/0). با افزایش ارتفاع (۱۶۰۰-۲۰۰ متر) از سطح دریا، میانگین شاخص­ها کاهش یافت. همچنین، بیشترین مقدار زی­توده مربوط به طبقه شیب 60-30 درصد، جهت شرقی (220 تن در هکتار) و طبقه ارتفاعی 1400 متر (268 تن در هکتار) بود. براساس نتایج کلی این پژوهش، جهت شمال به­دلیل بالاتر بودن رطوبت بیشترین اثر را بر تنوع گیاهی دارد و بیشترین زی­توده روی ­زمین نیز در دامنه ارتفاعی حضور راشستان و در شیب متوسط قابل مشاهده است.

چکیده تصویری

تأثیر عوامل فیزیوگرافی بر تنوع زیستی و زی‌توده درختی در جنگل‌های نوشهر

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of physiographical factors on biodiversity and tree biomass in Nowshahr forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Noredin Mosavi 1
  • Majid Eshagh-Nimvari 2
  • Farid Kazemnejad 2
1 PhD student. Department of Forestry, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, I. R. Iran‎
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Forest science and engineering, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad ‎University, Chalus, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of physiographic factors on biodiversity and trees biomass is done in series 4 of Golband (watershed No:45) in Nowshahr by sampling and application of six north-south sample lines (1000-1600 m) and conducting 48 square sample pieces of 4 r on sample lines with 200 m intervals. In each one of sample plots, number and percentage of tree and shrub cover, physiographic factors of slope (three class), direction (three class) and altitude (eight class) were collected. Grass cover was investigated using five 25-square-meter sample plots (four sub-plot plots in the corners and one in the center) inside each plot. Then Simpson diversity indices, Margalef richness and Sheldon uniformity were used to study diversity and biomass estimation is done using allometric equations. The results showed that the differences between all biodiversity indices and biomass were significant in different physiographic conditions. By increasing slope, the average of biodiversity indices increased. The highest value of Simpson diversity indices was observed in the north direction (0.78). By increasing altitude (200-1600 m), the average indicators decreased. Also, the highest amount of biomass was related to the slope class of 30-60%, east direction (220 tons per hectare) and altitude class 1400 meters (268 tons per hectare). Based on the general results of this study, due to the higher humidity, the north direction has the greatest effect on plant diversity and the highest surface vegetation can be seen in the altitude range of beech presence and in the middle slope.
Keywords: Elevation above sea level, Simpson, Margalef, Mazandaran, allometric equations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allometric equations
  • Elevation above sea level
  • Simpson
  • Margalef
  • Mazandaran
Abrari Vajari, K.; Jahanpour, F.; Amolikondori, A., Influences of some physiographical factors and features of Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) on fine root biomass (Case study: forest of Hashtad-Pahlu, Lorestan). Forest Research and Development 2019, 5 (1), 125-135. (In Persian)
Alijanpour, A.; Rad, J. E.; Shafiei, A. B., Comparison of woody plants diversity in protected and non-protected areas of Arasbaran forests. Iranian journal of forest and Poplar research 2009, 17 (1), 125-133.
Ataie, E.; Kazemnezhad, F.; Sheykheslami, A.; Eshagh Nimvari, M., Effects of altitudinal gradient on biodiversity indices of plant ecological groups in‎ Hyrcanian forests (Tiremrood basin)‎. Forest Research and Development 2021, 7 (3), 493-504. (In Persian)
Azizi, Z.; Hosseini, A.; Iranmanesh, Y., Estimating Biomass of Single Oak Trees Using Terrestrial Photogrammetry. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2017, 19 (4), 81-93. (In Persian)
Dearborn, K. D.; Danby, R. K., Aspect and slope influence plant community composition more than elevation across forest–tundra ecotones in subarctic Canada. Journal of vegetation science 2017, 28 (3), 595-604.
Geng, S.; Shi, P.; Song, M.; Zong, N.; Zu, J.; Zhu, W., Diversity of vegetation composition enhances ecosystem stability along elevational gradients in the Taihang Mountains, China. Ecological Indicators 2019, 104, 594-603.
Germino, M. J.; Barnard, D. M.; Davidson, B. E.; Arkle, R. S.; Pilliod, D. S.; Fisk, M. R.; Applestein, C., Thresholds and hotspots for shrub restoration following a heterogeneous megafire. Landscape Ecology 2018, 33 (7), 1177-1194.
Ghanbari, S.; Sheidai Karkaj, E., Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 2018, 26 (1), 118-128.
Golband forestry plan booklet. For­estry Planning of District 4 (Darnoo and Lardeh) of Golband, Watershed Number 45. Second revision. Mazandaran-Nowshahr Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Man­agement 2006, p 351. (in Persian).
Hoseini, A., Effects of altitude on tree species diversity in Hyanan oak forests of Ilam province. Natural Ecosystems of Iran 2016, 7 (1), 1-8.
Kargar, M. and Sohrabi, H., Using canopy Elevation model derived from UAV images to tree Elevation estimation in Sisangan forest. Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources 2019, 10 (3), 106-119. (In Persian)
Klippel, L.; Krusic, P. J.; Brandes, R.; Hartl-Meier, C.; Trouet, V.; Meko, M.; Esper, J., High-elevation inter-site differences in Mount Smolikas tree-ring width data. Dendrochronologia 2017, 44, 164-173.
Li, M.; Zhang, X.; Niu, B.; He, Y.; Wang, X.; Wu, J., Changes in plant species richness distribution in Tibetan alpine grasslands under different precipitation scenarios. Global Ecology and Conservation 2020, 21, e00848.
Mataji A.A.; Zahedi Amiri, Gh.A.D., Relationship between plant ecological groups and stand edaphical condtions (case study, Kheiroudkenar forest – Noshahr). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 2007, 59 (4), 853-863. (In Persian)
Messinger, M.; Asner, G. P.; Silman, M., Rapid assessments of Amazon forest structure and biomass using small unmanned aerial systems. Remote Sensing 2016, 8 (8), 615.
Mohammadzadeh, A.; Basiri, R.; Torahi, A., Evaluation of biodiversity of plant species in Arasbaran zone using noun parametric measures With Respect to Ecological Factor of Altitude. Cellular and Molecular Researches (Iranian Journal of Biology) 2015, 27 (5), 949-963.
Nourmohammadi, K.; Esmailzadeh, O., Changes of plant biodiversity indices in ecological species groups along an altitudinal gradient. Journal of Applied Biology (Iran) 2018, 31 (1), 303-321.
Nüchel, J.; Bøcher, P. K.; Svenning, J.-C., Topographic slope steepness and anthropogenic pressure interact to shape the distribution of tree cover in China. Applied Geography 2019, 103, 40-55.
Shabanirad, B.; Pilehvar, B.; Jafari Sarabi, H.; Veiskaramii, G., Floristic composition and plant communities along an altitude gradient in Quercus brantii forests. Forest Research and Development 2020, 6 (1), 57-74.
Shahrokhzadeh, Y., Estimation of annual aboveground biomass and carbon Increment of Fagus orientalis, Quercus castaneifolia and Carpinus betulus at tree and stand level using dendrochronology. M.Sc. Thesis, department of forestry 2015, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, p 70. (In Persian)
Sinha, S.; Badola, H. K.; Chhetri, B.; Gaira, K. S.; Lepcha, J.; Dhyani, P. P., Effect of altitude and climate in shaping the forest compositions of Singalila National Park in Khangchendzonga Landscape, Eastern Himalaya, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 2018, 11 (2), 267-275.
Sitters, J.; Te Beest, M.; Cherif, M.; Giesler, R.; Olofsson, J., Interactive effects between reindeer and habitat fertility drive soil nutrient availabilities in arctic tundra. Ecosystems 2017, 20 (7), 1266-1277.
Unesco, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1584/; accessed on 24 July 2021.
Wang, Q. W.; Qi, L.; Zhou, W.; Liu, C. G.; Yu, D.; Dai, L., Carbon dynamics in the deciduous broadleaf tree Erman's birch (Betula ermanii) at the subalpine treeline on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. American Journal of Botany 2018, 105 (1), 42-49.
Wei, C.; Wang, Q.; Ren, M.; Pei, Z.; Lu, J.; Wang, H.; Wang, W., Soil aggregation accounts for the mineral soil organic carbon and nitrogen accrual in broadleaved forests as compared to that of coniferous forests in Northeast China: Cross‐sites and multiple species comparisons. Land Degradation & Development 2021, 32 (1), 296-309.