ارزیابی سطوح آلودگی فلزات سنگین در نمونه‌های برگ، خاک و غبار درختچه‌های کهور ایرانی بندرعباس

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری آب‌و‌هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکدە جغرافیا، مرکز آموزش عالی فیروزآباد، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش از درختچه­های کهور ایرانی Druce (L.) Prosopis cineraria در ارزیابی آلودگی اکوسیستم­های محیطی بندرعباس استفاده شد. در دست­یابی به­این رهیافت، جامعه آزمایش شامل اکوسیستم­های دشت تازیان، باغ پرندگان، روستای تل­سیاه و گچین و ناحیه­ای صنعتی است. از هر جامعه، 20 درختچه­ کهور درنظر گرفته شد. متغیرهای آزمایش شامل فلزات سنگین در نمونه­های برگ، خاک بستر و غبارهای صنعتی رسوب­کرده بر روی برگ بود. به­منظور ارزیابی سطح آلودگی و ظرفیت درختچه­های کهور در انباشت فلزات، از شاخص­های Igeo، CF، MAI، BCF، PLI و mPELq استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت Zn، Pb و Cd در برگ، خاک و غبارهای صنعتی از حد استاندارد بیشتر است. بیشترین غلظت فلزات در نمونه­های خاک بستر بود. بیشترین مقدار آلودگی فلزات سنگین در روستای تل­سیاه، گچین، دشت تازیان و باغ پرندگان بود که به­ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین فاصله را از صنایع غرب بندرعباس دارند. شاخص PLI نشان داد که اکوسیستم­های بندرعباس بار آلودگی دارند. شاخص تجمع زیستی (BCF) نشان داد که درختچه­های کهور انباشتگر متوسط آلودگی هستند. ضریب انتقال آلودگی از خاک به گیاه در بین اکوسیستم­های بندرعباس بین 23/0 تا 65/0 است. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که اراضی نزدیک به صنایع غرب بندرعباس دارای بار آلودگی شدید هستند، اما درختچه­های کهور ایرانی قابلیت تجمع و حذف آلاینده­های صنعتی از اکوسیستم­های محیطی بندرعباس را دارند و می­تواند به­عنوان یک روش گیاه­پالایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in leaves, soil and dust samples of Prosopis ‎cineraria Druce (L.) in the Bandar Abbas

نویسندگان [English]

  • saman maleki 1
  • Hasan Jems 2
  • soraya derikvand 3
  • abuzar nasiri 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, ‎Khorramabad, I. R. Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, I. R. Iran
3 Ph.D. Student of Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, I. R. Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Firouzabad Institute of Higher Education, Fars, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Prosopis cineraria Druce (L.) was utilized in this study to assess the environmental contamination in Bandar Abbas. The experimental community encompasses the ecosystems of Dasht Tazian, Bird Garden in the east of Bandar Abbas, Tal Siah and Gachin villages in the west of Bandar Abbas, and the industrial region in order to achieve this strategy. Twenty P. cineraria shrubs were chosen from each community. Heavy metals Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, and Ni were tested in leaf samples, substrate soil, and industrial dust deposited on leaves. Following the determination of metal concentrations in the samples, the Igeo, CF, MAI, BCF, PLI, and mPELq indices were used to assess the extent of contamination and the ability of P. cineraria shrubs to accumulate metals. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in leaves, soil, and industrial dust were found to be greater than the norm. Metal concentrations were higher in the substrate soil samples. The biggest level of heavy metal pollution was found in Tal Siah village, Getchin, Dasht Tazian, and Bird Garden, which are the least and most remote from the industries west of Bandar Abbas. According to the Igeo and CF index, nickel and manganese are unpolluted, however cadmium is a major polluter of ecosystems. The PLI index indicates that Bandar Abbas' ecosystems are contaminated. According to the bioaccumulation index (BCF), mesquite shrubs are intermediate pollution accumulators. The pollutant transfer coefficient from soil to plant in Bandar Abbas habitats ranges between 0.23 and 0.65. It may be inferred that the lands around the factories in Bandar Abbas' west are extremely polluted, but Iranian mesquite shrubs have the potential to accumulate and eliminate industrial pollutants from Bandar Abbas' natural ecosystems and can be employed as a plant technique. Treatment should be applied to safeguard the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prosopis
  • Bandar Abbas
  • Pollution
  • Bioaccumulation
  • Phytoremediation

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پژوهش و توسعه جنگل
دوره 9، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 95-114

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