تأثیر انواع خاک‌پوش مایع بر نرخ رواناب و هدررفت خاک سطوح شیب‌دار

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر انواع خاک­پوش مایع بر نرخ رواناب و هدررفت خاک دامنه­ها و سطوح شیب­دار است. بدین منظور 13 نوع تیمار خاک­پوش مایع متشکل از پلی­اکریل­آمید، ملاس نیشکر، خرده­چوب، بذر فستوکا و لاشه کاه همراه با آب و تیمار خاک لخت به­عنوان شاهد در قطعه­نمونه­های چوبی به ابعاد 6/0 متر عرض، 2/1 متر طول و 1/0 متر عمق با شیب 3:1 مستقر شدند. 60 روز بعد از انجام تیمارها، شبیه­سازی باران با شدت 50 میلی­متر در ساعت به­مدت 15 دقیقه از ارتفاع سه متری روی قطعه­نمونه­ها اجرا و رواناب خارج شده از قطعه­نمونه­ها در هر پنج دقیقه برداشت شد. نرخ رواناب بر حسب درصد، غلظت رسوب یا گل­آلودگی بر حسب گرم در لیتر و نرخ هدر­رفت خاک بر حسب گرم در مترمربع محاسبه شد. بررسی جریان رواناب در بازه زمانی 15 دقیقه­ نشان داد که پیک رواناب در 5 دقیقه اول شبیه­سازی باران به­وقوع پیوست. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای خرده­چوب با بذر (WM+S) و خاک­پوش خرده­چوب با بذر و پلی­اکریل­آمید (WM+S+P) به­ترتیب نرخ رواناب را 4/77 و 7/73 درصد کاهش دادند. کمترین مقدار هدر­رفت خاک نیز با 82/89، 46/87 و 90/83 درصد کاهش به­ترتیب برای تیمار WM+S+P، خاک­پوش خرده­چوب با بذر و ملاس نیشکر (WM+S+M) و خاک­پوش لاشه کاه با پلی­اکریل­آمید و بذر (SM+S+P) به­ثبت رسید. بدین­ترتیب پلی­اکریل­آمید، ملاس و بذر فستوکا به­عنوان مکمل خاک­پوش­ها توانستند عملکرد آن­ها را به­طور قابل­ملاحظه­ای افزایش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of hydro-mulches on runoff and soil loss rate from steep slopes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aidin Parsakhoo 1
  • Aiub Rezaee Motlagh 2
  • Benjamin Matin Nia 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Resources, Gorgan University of ‎‎Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan‎, I. R. Iran
2 Ph.D. student of forest management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural ‎Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan‎, I. R. Iran
3 Ph.D. student of forest management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural ‎Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan‎, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-mulches on runoff and soil loss from steep slopes. So, 13 treatments consist of polyacrylamide, sugar cane molasses, wood mulch, Festuca, straw mulch and bare soil (control) were established in wooden plots with dimensions of 0.6 m in width, 1.2 m in length and 0.1 m in depth with slope gradient of 1:3. 60 days after the implementation of the treatments, rainfall simulation with intensity of 50 mm hr-1 and duration of 15 minute was done on each plot and then runoff volume was collected every 5 minutes. Runoff rate was in % and sediment concentration were in g l-1, beside soil loss rate was calculated in g m-2. Investigation of the runoff behavior in 15 minutes showed that the peak of Runoff was occurred during first 5 minutes. In addition, results indicated that,runoff rates decreased 77.4% and 73.7% in wood mulch and seed (WM+S) and wood mulch, seed and polyacrylamide (WM+S+P) treatments, respectively. Minimum amount of soil loss with reduction of 89.82%, 87.46% and 83.90% was observed for treatments of WM+S+P, wood mulch, seed and molasses (WM+S+M) and straw mulch, seed and polyacrylamide (SM+S+P). In rainfall intensity of 80 mm h-1, minimum runoff and soil loss was recorded for treatments of WM+S+P, WM+S+M and SM+S+P. It was concluded that polyacrylamide, molasses and Festuca seed as supplementary of mulch increased the efficiency of treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyacrylamide
  • Rainfall simulation
  • Runoff
  • Sediment concentration
  • Sugar cane molasses

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پژوهش و توسعه جنگل
دوره 7، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 15-26

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