بررسی اثرات تفرج بر شاخص‌های تنوع گونه‌ای گیاهی و مشخصه‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک پارک جنگلی گمبوعه اهواز

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد علوم محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز، اهواز، ایران ‏

2 استادیار گروه علوم محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ‏

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر تفرج بر تنوع گونه­ای گیاهی و مشخصه­های ادافیکی، این پژوهش در پارک جنگلی گمبوعه اهواز به مساحت 60 هکتار در سال 1398 انجام شد. به­این منظور از روش نمونه­برداری با استفاده از ترانسکت خطی به طول 300 متر و برداشت قطعات نمونه به­طور تصادفی در فواصل 50 متری از هم استفاده شد. برای بررسی پوشش درختی و درختچه­ای در دو منطقه تفرجی و بدون تفرج به تفکیک 24 قطعه نمونه 20×20 متر (400 مترمربعی) و در مرکز هر پلات به­منظور بررسی پوشش علفی، قطعات نمونه 8×8 متر (64 مترمربعی) پیاده شد. در این پژوهش 28 گونه گیاهی شناسایی شد. آنالیز تطبیقی متعارف (CCA) نشان داد، منطقه شاهد و منطقه تحت تفرج هر کدام تشکیل یک گروه بوم شناختی مجزا را در منطقه داده­اند. از نظر ترکیب گونه­های گیاهی بیشترین مقدار شاخص­های تنوع­گونه­ای سیمپسون (023/0±33/0)، شانون-وینر (012/0±44/0) و شاخص یکنواختی شانون-وینر (003/0±6/0) و غنای گونه­ای گیاهی (61/0±9/2) در منطقه شاهد برآورد شد. بررسی شرایط ادافیکی نشان داد تفرج نتوانسته تأثیری بر بافت خاک داشته باشد اما مشخصه­هایی نظیر تخلخل، ازت، پتاسیم، فسفر و ماده آلی تحت تأثیر تفرج کاهش یافته و مشخصه­های وزن مخصوص ظاهری، رطوبت اشباع، هدایت الکتریکی و آهک افزایش معنی­داری را نشان دادند. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش مبین این نکته است که تفرج بدون رعایت معیارهای فنی و علمی می­تواند موجب کاهش تراکم و تنوع پوشش­گیاهی علفی شده که خود می­تواند آثار مخربی در رویشگاه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effects of recreation on plant species diversity indices and characteristics ‎physical and chemical soil of Gamboueh forest park in Ahvaz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saied Erfani Farzin 1
  • Sina Attar Roshan 2
  • Azita Koshafar 2
1 Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran‎
2 Assistant Prof. of Environment Department, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of recreation on plant species diversity and edaphic characteristics, this study was done in Gamboueh Forest Park of Ahvaz with an area of 60 hectares in 1398. For this study, sampling method was used using a linear transect with a length of 300 meters and sampling parts were randomly used at 50-meter intervals. In order to study the tree and shrub cover in two recreational and non-recreational areas, 24 sample plots of 20×20 m (400 m2) were placed and in the center of each plot, in order to study the grass cover, the sample plots of 8×8 m (64 m2) were implemented. In this study, 28 plant species were identified. Conventional comparative analysis (CCA) showed that the control area and the recreation area each formed a separate ecological group in the area. In terms of plant species composition, the highest values of Simpson species diversity indices (0.33±0.023), Shannon-Wiener (0.44 ±0.012) and Shannon-Wiener uniformity index (0.6±0.003) And plant species richness (2.9±0.61) was estimated in the control area. Examination of edaphic conditions showed that recreation could not have an effect on soil texture, but characteristics such as porosity, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and organic matter decreased under the influence of recreation and characteristics of bulk density, saturated moisture, electrical conductivity and lime increased significantly. The results of this study indicate that recreation without observing technical and scientific criteria can reduce the density and diversity of grassland vegetation in the region, which can have destructive effects on habitat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conventional Comparative Analysis
  • Recreation
  • Species Diversity Indices
  • Gamboueh
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