دانش سنتی جنگل‌نشینان زاگرس در ارتباط با ارزش‌های دارویی گیاهان چوبی و علفی (پژوهش موردی: جنگل-‏های خرم‌آباد، استان لرستان)‏

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

3 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ارتباط انسان با جنگل از آغاز خلقت منجر به شکل‌گیری دانش سنتی شده که به‌طور عمده در راستای رفع نیازهای انسان بوده است. گیاه­مردم­نگاری به بررسی دانش­های سنتی مرتبط با گیاهان در جوامع محلی پرداخته و یکی از شاخه‌های مهم آن مربوط به ارزش‌های دارویی گیاهان است. باتوجه به وجود جوامع محلی مختلف در جنگل‌های زاگرس و تنوع دانش­های سنتی در این منطقه و همچنین کمبود اطلاعات موجود در این زمینه، در پژوهش پیش­رو سعی شد دانش سنتی مرتبط با ارزش‌های دارویی گیاهان در سامان عرفی چنارکل شهرستان خرم­آباد بررسی شود. اطلاعات مورد نیاز با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری گلوله‌برفی، استفاده از مطلعین کلیدی و انتخاب هدفمند جمع‌آوری شد. براساس نتایج، 44 گونه چوبی و علفی دارویی و خوراکی (به­طور عمده میوه درختان و درختچه­ها) در منطقه شناسایی و دانش سنتی مربوط به آن­ها به­ویژه کاربرد محلی و شیوه مصرف ثبت شد. در بین اندام­های گیاهی مورد استفاده، میوه و برگ به‌ترتیب با 27 و 5/23 درصد بیشترین سهم را داشتند. 20 گونه فقط استفاده خوراکی داشتند، در حالی‌که گیاهانی که فقط مصرف دارویی داشتند، نه گونه بودند. 24 گونه (5/54 درصد) به‌صورت خام استفاده می‌شدند که عمده آن­ها یا میوه‌های خوراکی جنگلی مانند بنه و خینجوک بودند و یا مانند آب‌تره و پرسیاوش به‌صورت سبزی کاربرد داشتند. نتایج این پژوهش تأیید کرد که جوامع محلی به‌خوبی با ارزش دارویی و خوراکی گیاهان بومی منطقه آشنا هستند، منتهی تلفیق دانش سنتی غنی روستائیان و عشایر با مبانی حفظ و پایداری اکوسیستم موضوعی است که باید مورد توجه جدی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Traditional knowledge of Zagros forest dwellers related to the medicinal values of ‎woody and herbaceous plants (case study: Khorramabad forests, Lorestan ‎Province)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Pourhashemi 1
  • Ahmad Bazgir 2
  • Parisa Panahi 3
1 Scientific member, Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since the beginning of creation, man's relationship with the forest has led to the formation of traditional knowledge, which has been mainly aimed at meeting human needs. Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people. One of its important branches is related to the medicinal values of plants. Due to the existence of different local communities in the Zagros region and the diversity of traditional knowledge in this area, as well as the lack of information in this field, the study tried to study traditional knowledge related to medicinal properties of plants in the common-law forest area of Chenarkol in Khorramabad city, Lorestan province. Based on the results, 44 woody and herbaceous medicinal and edible (mainly fruit of trees and shrubs) species were identified in the area and their traditional knowledge especially their application and the way of preparation was recorded. Among the plant organs used, fruits and leaves had the largest share with 27% and 23.5%, respectively. Twenty species had only edible use, while only medicinal plants had nine species. Twenty-four species (54.5%) of the plants were used raw, most of which were either edible forest fruits (such as Pistachia atlantica and P. khinjuk) or as a vegetable (such as Nasturtium officinale and Adiantum capillus-veneris). The findings confirm that local communities in the area are well acquainted with the region's native medicinal plants and their medicinal and nutritional values, but combining the rich traditional knowledge of the villagers and nomads with the basics of conservation and sustaining the ecosystem is an issue that needs serious attention.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethnobotany
  • local community
  • medicinal properties
  • oral value
  • Zagros forests
Assadi, M., Flora of Iran. Iran Nature 2019, 4 (2), 29-41.
Bizuayehu, B.; Assefa, T., Ethnobotanical value of medicinal plant diversity in Cheha district, Guraghe zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2017, 11 (28), 445-454.
Boycheva, P.; Matinova, V., Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants for culinary purpose in the North Black Sea coast, Varna region (Bulgaria). Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski” Faculte de Biologie 2018, 103 (4), 172-182.
Dolatkhahi, M.; Ghorbani Nohooji, M., The most used medicinal plant species of dashtestan (Bushehr province), with emphasize on their traditional uses. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2013, 12 (46), 85-105.
Dolatkhahi, M.; Nabipour, I., Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the northeast latrine zone of Persian Gulf. Journal of Medicinal plants 2014, 13 (50), 129-143.
Farnsworth, N. R., The development of pharmacological and chemical research for application to traditional medicine in developing countries. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1980, 2 (2), 173-181.
Farnsworth, N. R.; Akerele, O.; Bingel, A. S.; Soejarto, D. D.; Guo, Z., Medicinal plants in therapy. Bulletin of the world health organization 1985, 63 (6), 965.
Focho, D. A.; Newu, M. C.; Anjah, M. G.; Nwana, F. A.; Ambo, F. B., Ethnobotanical survey of trees in fundong, northwest region, Cameroon. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2009, 5 (1), 1-5.
Govaerts, R., How many species of seed plants are there? Taxon 2001, 50 (4), 1085-1090.
Gurib-Fakim, A., Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Molecular aspects of Medicine 2006, 27 (1), 1-93.
Heinrich, M., Ethnobotany and its role in drug development. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 2000, 14 (7), 479-488.
Hostettmann, K.; Marston, A., Twenty years of research into medicinal plants: results and perspectives. Phytochemistry Reviews 2002, 1 (3), 275-285.
Kaigongi, M.; Musila, F., Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Tharaka people of Kenya. Int J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2015, 1 (1), 1-8.
Khaleghi, B.; Avatefi Hemmat, M.; Shamekhi, T.; Shirvani, A., Traditional ecological knowledge of medicinal shrubs and herbaceous plants in Arasbaran forest. Journal of Indigenous Knowledge 2016, 2 (4), 205-236.
Kianifar, J.; Azadbakht, M.; Azadbakht, M.; Davoodi, A., Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used in Skin Diseases in the Area Alamut-Qazvin, Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2020, 18 (72), 121-132.
Mardaninejad, S.; Janghorban, M.; Vazirpour, M., Collection and identification of medicinal plants used by the indigenous people of Mobarakeh (Isfahan), southwestern Iran. Journal of Medicinal Herbs 2013, 4 (1), 23-32.
Mhaiskar, M.; Rajurkar, B., Ethnobotanical Studies on Some Common Diseases: Transfer of Indigenous Knowledge from Person to Society. Asian Journal of Research in Botany 2020, 38-44.
Moayeri, M. H.; Abedi-sarvestani, A.; Shahraki, M. R.; Mirhashemi, Z., Social capital and participation: A study among forest inhabitants in Zagros forests in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. Journal of Forest Research and Development 2020, 6 (1), 15-27.
Mozaffarian, V., Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang-e Moaser Publication, Tehran, 2013; p 1444. (In Persian)
Mozaffarian, V., Trees and shrubs of Iran. Second edition. Farhang-e Moaser Publication, Tehran, 2009; p 991. (In Persian)
Papp, N.; Czégényi, D.; Hegedus, A.; Morschhauser, T.; Quave, C. L.; Cianfaglione, K.; Pieroni, A., The uses of betula pendula roth among Hungarian csángós and székelys in transylvania, Romania. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 2014, 83 (2), 113-122.
Papzan, A.; Hamzehei, F., An introduction to indigenous knowledge and oral culture research in western Iran. University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran, 2006. (In Persian)
Pourshafi Zanganeh, H., Harvestable oak galls in Kermanshah province. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran, 1993. (In Persian)
Qamariah, N.; Mulia, D. S.; Fakhrizal, D., Indigenous Knowledge of Medicinal Plants by Dayak Community in Mandomai Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pharmacognosy Journal 2020, 12 (2). ):386-390.
Razavi, M., Indigenous knowledge of using wild plants in the Northeast Khuzestan province (Case study: Izeh), Journal of Indigenous Knowledge2015, 2(3), 108-146. (In Persian)
Sabeti, H, Forests, Trees and Shrubs of Iran. 5th edition, University of Yazd Press, Yazd, 2009; p 886. (In Persian)
Sagheb Talebi, Kh.; Sajedi, T., Pourhashemi, M., Forests of Iran: a Treasure from the Past, a Hope for the Future. Springer, 2014; 152 p.
Sawadogo, W. R.; Schumacher, M.; Teiten, M.-H.; Dicato, M.; Diederich, M., Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy. Biochemical pharmacology 2012, 84 (10), 1225-1240.
Sharififar, F.; Koohpayeh, A.; Motaghi, M. M.; Amirkhosravi, A.; Puormohseni Nasab, E.; Khodashenas, M., Study the ethnobotany of medicinal plants in Sirjan, Kerman province, Iran. Journal of Medicinal Herbs 2010, 1 (3), 19-28.
Statistical Center of Iran, Socioeconomic census of nomades-2008, comprehensive results. Statistical Center of Iran, Tehran, 2009; 144 p.