تغییرات فرم‏‏های هوموس در توده‎های راش و ممرز در جنگل دست‌نخورده و مدیریت‌شده (بررسی موردی: جنگل شصت کلاته گرگان)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای رشته جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‎شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

5 دانشیار، دانشگاه جنگل و علوم زیستی بریتیش کلمبیا، ونکوور، کانادا

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر عوامل محیطی و توده بر تغییرات انواع فرم‌های هوموس در جنگل‏ مدیریت‌شده و دست‎نخورده شصت‎کلاته گرگان انجام شد. ابتدا نقشه‏های زمین‎شناسی، خاک، توپوگرافی و تیپ درختی روی‎هم‎گذاری شده و واحدهای همگن تعیین شدند. در هر واحد نقشه سه قطعه‌نمونه 20×20 متر انتخاب شد و پنج نیم‌رخ هوموس در هر قطعه‌نمونه حفر شد. انواع فرم‎ هوموس در سطوح اصلی و ثانویه با استفاده از طبقه‌بندی جدید اروپایی، شناسایی شدند. عوامل محیطی و خصوصیات توده در هر قطعه‌نمونه به‎عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر تغییرات فرم هوموس بررسی شدند. از آزمون کروسکال والیس و الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی بر اساس میانگین شاخص جینی برای تحلیل استفاده شد. سه فرم هوموس اصلی و یازده فرم ثانویه در منطقه شناسایی شد به‌طوری­‌که هوموس اصلی مول با 49 درصد و هوموس ثانویه الیگومول با 26 درصد فراوان‌ترین فرم‌های هوموس بودند. اختلاف معنی‎داری بین انواع فرم هوموس اصلی (p<0.05) و ثانویه (p<0.001) بین جنگل‏ مدیریت‌شده و دست‌نخورده مشاهده شد. تأثیر اغلب متغیرهای محیطی و خصوصیات توده بر تغییرات فرم‌های هوموس معنی‌دار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Model Humus forms changes in the beech and hornbeam stands in the old growth and managed forest (Case study: Shast-kalate forest of Gorgan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh Saeghi 1
  • Hashem Habashi 2
  • Omid Esmailzadeh 3
  • Jahangir Mohamadi 4
  • Tojtam Sajedi 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I.R. Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I.R. Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I.R. Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I.R. Iran
5 Associate Prof., University of British Columbia Forest and Conservation Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental factors and stand properties on changes of humus forms in the managed and old growth forest of Gorgan. First we superimposed geological, soil, topography and tree type maps to producing homogeneous units. In each unit, three sample plots (20 × 20 meters) were selected and five humus profiles were described in each plot. Main and secondary humus forms were identified based on new European classification. Environmental factors and stand characteristics were investigated in each sample as factors influencing the changes in the humus form. Kruskal-Wallis test and random forest algorithm were used based on the Gini index for analysis. Three main humus forms and eleven secondary forms were identified in the research area, so that the main humus of the MULL (49%) and the secondary humus of the Oligomul (26%) were the most abundant humus forms. There was a significant difference between the main (p<0.01) and secondary (p<0.001) humus forms between the managed and old growth forest. The effect of most environmental variables and stand characteristics were significant on the changes of humus forms. The effective important variables in the main and secondary humus forms classification were thickness of H horizon, altitude from sea level, geographic direction and tree basal area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic horizon
  • Random forest
  • Gini index
  • Humus form

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پژوهش و توسعه جنگل
دوره 6، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 429-444

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