تأثیر نوع دام و شدت چرا بر ترکیب و تنوع پوشش گیاهی در جنگل‌های آرمرده شهرستان بانه

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی‌ارشد جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 پژوهشگر گروه تعاملات اکولوژیک- اجتماعی در بوم سازگان‌های کشاورزی، دانشگاه گوتینگن و دانشگاه کاسل، آلمان

3 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

4 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر نوع و شدت چرای دام و عوامل محیطی بر ترکیب و تنوع پوشش­گیاهی در پنج منطقه با انواع دام (گاو، بزمرخز، بزمو، گوسفند) و شدت چرایی متفاوت (در قالب پنج تیمار) در جنگل­های آرمردۀ بانه است. برای نمونه­برداری از پوشش­گیاهی، 34 قطعه­نمونه (100 مترمربع) برداشت شد. تفاوت بین مناطق از نظر تنوع گونه­ای با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس و تأثیر چرای دام بر ترکیب پوشش­گیاهی با استفاده از آنالیز گرادیان مستقیم (RDA) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد منطقۀ قرق و منطقۀ دارای چرای هر چهار نوع دام با شدت بالا به­ترتیب از بیشترین و کمترین تنوع گونه­ای  برخوردارند. درصد تاج­پوشش، ارتفاع از سطح دریا، تیپ بلوط ایرانی- مازودار و نرخ چرای دام مهم­ترین عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر پوشش گیاهی بودند. نتایج رسته­بندی نشان داد نوع دام و شدت چرا در کنار عوامل محیطی فوق تأثیر معنی­داری بر ترکیب پوشش­گیاهی می­گذارند به­گونه­ای که با افزایش نوع دام و شدت چرا، گونه­های یکساله و مهاجم بیشترین حضور و با کاهش آن پهن­­برگان­ علفی، درختچه­ها و ژئوفیت­های پیازدار­ بیشترین پراکنش را در ترکیب پوشش­گیاهی به­خود اختصاص می­دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of livestock type and grazing intensity on vegetation composition and ‎diversity in ‎Armardeh forests, Baneh‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Siran Khoonsiavashan 1
  • zahed shakeri 2
  • Kyumars Mohammadi Samani 3
  • hosein Maroofi 4
1 M.Sc. in silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I. R. Iran
2 Chair of Social-Ecological interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Goettingen and University of Kassel, Germany.
3 Assistant prof., Dept. of Forestry, The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I. R. Iran
4 Researcher, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of grazing intensity and type of livestock and environmental factors on vegetation composition and diversity in five areas with different livestock types (cattle, Markhoz goat, Mo goat, and sheep) and different grazing intensities (five treatments) at the forests of Armardeh. In total, 34 sample plots (100 m^2) for vegetation cover sampling were taken. Differences between regions in terms of species diversity were analyzed using analysis of variance and the effect of livestock grazing on vegetation composition using Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Result indicates that, control and the region with four livestock types have highest and lowest diversity respectievely. Canopy cover (percent), elevation, Quercues branti- Q. infectoria type, and stocking rate where the most important environmental factors are driving vegetation composition. Livestock type and grazing intensity with some environmental variables shape affect significantly the vegetation composition, in a way that with increasing grazing intensity and livestock type, annual and invasive plants appear in highest presence and with decreasing of those, forbs, shrubs, and geophyte plants are widely spread in the vegetation composition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Markhoz goat
  • Northern Zagros
  • Redundancy analysis
  • Stocking rate
  • Species diversity
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