بررسی ساختار، ترکیب و تنوع گونه‌‌ای توده‌‌های جنگلی طبیعی و بهره‌‌برداری‌‌شده در جنگل‌‌های زاگرس ‏شمالی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی

2 استادیار، گروه توسعه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف اطلاع از ویژگی‌‌های ساختاری دو توده جنگلی طبیعی و بهره‌‌برداری‌شده شهرستان سردشت در استان آذربایجان غربی انجام شد. برای انجام این پژوهش، با تقسیم‌‌بندی کل منطقه مورد بررسی به موزائیک‌‌هایی با ابعاد 40 × 40 متر، آماربرداری به روش صددرصد در هر توده انجام شد. در هر موزائیک همه درختان، درختچه‌ها و منشأ رویشی آن‌ها تعیین شد و همچنین قطر برابرسینه، ارتفاع شروع تاج، ارتفاع کل، ارتفاع تاج و قطر بزرگ و کوچک تاج اندازه‌گیری شد. برای نمایش ساختار توده‌‌ها، قطعات ‌نمونه‌ای به ابعاد 100×100 متر در هر توده پیاده شد و اطلاعات ساختاری جنگل اندازه‌‌گیری و ثبت شد. داده‌‌های اندازه‌گیری‌شده در هر توده در محیط نرم‌افزارهای آماری مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل و ساختار جنگل با استفاده از نرم‌‌افزار SVS ترسیم شد. مقایسه میانگین مشخصه‌‌های ساختاری توده‌‌های مورد بررسی، اختلاف معنی‌‌داری در سطح 5 درصد بین توده‌‌ها نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع ارتفاعی و آشکوب‌‌بندی در توده طبیعی بیشتر است و گونه مازودار اشکوب غالب را به­خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین رویشگاه طبیعی دارای بیشترین تراکم تاج و تاج توسعه‌‌یافته و به‌طور کلی در وضعیت مطلوب‌تری قرار دارد. از این‌رو پیشنهاد می‌شود با الگو قرار‌دادن توده‌‌های طبیعی و حفاظت و حمایت از توده‌‌های تحت بهره‌‌برداری سنتی و اجرای برنامه قرق و غنی‌سازی رویشگاه بهره‌برداری­شده، وضعیت این توده‌‌ها را بهبود و به­سوی وضعیت پایدارتری سوق داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of structure, composition and diversity of natural and exploited forest stands in ‎North Zagros forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Pato 1
  • Sohrab Moradi 2
  • Naser Ahmadi sani 3
1 Assistant Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural & Natural Resources Development, Faculty of Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To conduct this research, 100% Inventory was performed in each stand by dividing whole study area into mosaics with dimension 40 × 40 meters. In each mosaic, all trees, shrubs and their vegetative origin were determined and also DBH, height of crown beginning, total height, height and diameter (large and small diameter) of crown were measured. To show the structure of the stands, sample plots with dimension 100 × 100 m were placed in each stand and the structural information of the forest was measured and recorded. The measured data in each stand were analyzed via statistical software and forest structure was plotted using SVS software. Comparison of the means of structural characteristics showed a significant difference at the level of 5% between the stands. The results showed that the elevation variation and stratification is greater in natural stand and the Quercus infectoria species occupies the dominant story. Also, the natural habitat has the highest crown density and developed crown and enjoys more favorable condition. Therefore, it is suggested that by modeling the natural stands and protecting and supporting the stands under traditional exploitation and implementing of enclosing and restoration operation in the exploited habitat, the condition of these stands be improved and led to a more stable situation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Traditional utilization
  • Species diversity
  • Oak forests structure
  • Stand Visualization System
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