تغییرات سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین در جنگل‌های ارسباران در طول 45 سال حفاظت

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مدیریت جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استاد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

4 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

در این پژوهش تغییرات تعداد شش سنجه سیمای سرزمین در جنگل­های ارسباران بررسی شد. به این منظور از تصاویر لندست 8 در مرداد 1395 استفاده شد. نقشه کاربری و پوشش اراضی در دوکلاس جنگل و غیرجنگل برای هر دو منطقه حفاظت­شده و غیرحفاظتی ارسباران تهیه و با استفاده از این نقشه سنجه­های مورد نظر، محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد با توجه به شاخص نسبت مساحت کلاسه جنگل به سیمای سرزمین، مشاهده شد که 98/34 درصد از منطقه حفاظت­شده و 33/48 درصد از منطقه غیرحفاظتی توسط جنگل پوشانده شده است. در رابطه با شاخص بزرگ­ترین لکه کلاسه جنگل مشاهده شد که در منطقه حفاظت­شده بزرگ­ترین لکه جنگل 02/22 درصد از منطقه را پوشانده ولی در منطقه غیرحفاظتی بزرگ­ترین لکه جنگل 38/41 درصد از منطقه را پوشانده است. همچنین در رابطه با شاخص میانگین مساحت یک لکه از کلاسه جنگل، مشاهده می­شود که مقدار این شاخص در منطقه غیرحفاظتی (49/8 هکتار) بیشتر از دو برابر منطقه حفاظت­شده (22/18 هکتار) بوده و مقدار هر دو شاخص تراکم لکه و تراکم حاشیه در منطقه حفاظت­شده بیشتر از منطقه غیرحفاظتی است. با توجه به نتایج مشاهده می­شود که رخداد فرآیندهای گسستگی سطوح جنگلی در منطقه حفاظت­شده بیشتر از منطقه غیرحفاظتی به­چشم می­خورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes of landscape metrics in Arsbaran forests during 45 years of protection

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Sasanifar 1
  • Ahmad Alijanpour 2
  • Abbas Banj Shafiei 2
  • Javad Eshaghi-Rad 3
  • Morteza Molaei 4
1 PhD of Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
2 Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia ‎University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
3 Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia ‎University, Urmia, I. R. Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, I. R. ‎Iran
چکیده [English]

The variations in the number of six parameters of the landscape metrics in Arasbaran forests were explored in this study. Landsat 8 images from August 2015 were utilized for this purpose. For both protected and non-protected regions, forest and non-forest land use maps (kappa coefficient 0.9) were created, and necessary values were estimated using this map. According to the results, forest covers 34.98% of the protected area and 48.33% of the non-protected area, based on the index of the ratio of the area of the forest class to the surface of the land. In terms of the index of the larger patch of forest class, it was discovered that the largest patch of forest covers 22.0207% of the land in the protected region, while 41.3870% of the area in the unprotected area. In addition, the value of the index of the average area of a patch of the forest class in the non-protected area (8.4947 hectares) is more than twice that of the protected area (18.2241 hectares), and the value of both indicators patch density and edge density in the protected area is higher than in the non-protected area. According to the findings, the presence of processes of forest surface fragmentation is more visible in the protected area than in the non-protected region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landscape metrics
  • Land use maps
  • Fragstate
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