Vegetative and physiological responses of purple seedlings to water stress

Document Type : Scientific article

Authors

1 M.Sc. of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, I. R. Iran

2 Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, I. R. Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, I. R. Iran

Abstract

To investigate the effect of drought stress on the vegetative, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of purple seedlings, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with four levels of irrigation including 75% (mild stress), 50% (medium stress) and 25% (severe stress) of the field capacity (FC) and the control (100% FC) in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that severe drought stress significantly reduced vegetative traits such as seedling height growth (86.8%), the number of leaves, and total fresh and dry biomass by 93%, 46.2%, and 44.8%, respectively, but increased root volumetric growth (1034%). Also, drought stress affected all parameters of gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. So that at the level of 25% FC, it caused a significant decrease in the rate of photosynthesis (1/20 µmolCo2m-2s-1), transpiration (0/65 mmolm-2s-1), stomatal conductance (106/2 mmolm-2s-1) and mesophilic (0/0088 mmolm-2s-1), intracellular carbon dioxide concentration (134/2 mmolCO2 m-2s-1) and carboxylation efficiency (0/00112 µmolCO2 mol-1H2O). The amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) also showed a significant decrease at 25% FC (4.07, 1.96, 6.03 and 1.23 mg g-1 FW, respectively.). Also, drought stress increased the amount of proline and soluble sugar and showed the highest values at the level of 25% FC (respectively, 1.348 µmol g-1 FW of proline and 41.51 mg g-1 FW of soluble sugar). According to the above evaluations, it seems that the purple variety can tolerate drought stress up to 75% FC without causing damage to the plant tissue, but if the amount of water is reduced to the threshold of 25% FC, its growth and performance will be severely affected.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Ahmadpour, R.; Hosseinzadeh, S. R., Evaluation of photosynthetic parameters at phenological stages of lentil cultivars (Lens culinaris Medik.) in response to water deficit stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function 2019, 7 (27), 103-118. (In Persian)
Akbari, V.; Jalili Marandi, R., Effect of cycocel on growth and photosynthetic pigments of tow olive cultivars under different irrigation intervals. Journal of Horticultural Science 2014, 27 (4), 460-469. (In Persian)
Asayesh, Z. M.; Arzani, K.; Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A.; Abdollahi, H., Enzymatic and non-enzymatic response of grafted and ungrafted young European pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae 2023, 310, 111745.
Bates, L. S.; Waldren, R. a.; Teare, I., Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil 1973, 39, 205-207.
Beiramnvand, F.; Zahedi, B.; Rezaei Nejad, A., Investigation of the effect of selenium foliar application on morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of ornamental salvia under irrigation regime. Journal of Plant Process and Function 2023, 11 (47), 323-339. (In Persian)
Boor, Z.; Hosseini, S. M.; Soleimani, A.; Taheri Abkenar, K., Investigation of survival, growth and physiology of six afforested species under‎ different‎ irrigation regimes. Forest Research and Development 2022, 8 (1), 97-111. (In Persian)
Cabon, A.; Fernández‐de‐Uña, L.; Gea‐Izquierdo, G.; Meinzer, F. C.; Woodruff, D. R.; Martínez‐Vilalta, J.; De Cáceres, M., Water potential control of turgor‐driven tracheid enlargement in Scots pine at its xeric distribution edge. New Phytologist 2020, 225 (1), 209-221.
Delfan Azari, N.; Rostami Shahraji, T.; Gholami, V.; Hashemi Garmdareh, S. E., The effect of different irrigation levels on growth parameters of ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill) seedlings in green space of Tehran city. Forest Research and Development 2019, 5 (2), 229-244. (In Persian)
Dianat, M.; Saharkhiz, M. J.; Tavassolian, I., Salicylic acid mitigates drought stress in Lippia citriodora L.: Effects on biochemical traits and essential oil yield. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2016, 8, 286-293.
Fahim, S.; Ghanbari, A.; Naji, A. M.; Shokohian, A. A.; Maleki Lajayer, H., Impact of drought stress on morphological and physiological traits in some Iranian grape cultivars. Journal of Plant Process and Function 2023, 11 (47), 249-266. (In Persian)
Galeano, E.; Vasconcelos, T. S.; Novais de Oliveira, P.; Carrer, H., Physiological and molecular responses to drought stress in teak (Tectona grandis Lf). PLoS One 2019, 14 (9), e0221571.
Ganjeali, A.; Kafi, M.; Sabet Teimouri, M., Variations of root and shoot physiological indices in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in response to drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 2010, 3 (1), 35-45. (In Persian)
Ghazghazi, H.; Riahi, L.; Yangui, I.; Messaoud, C.; Rzigui, T.; Nasr, Z., Effect of drought stress on physio-biochemical traits and secondary metabolites production in the woody species Pinus halepensis Mill. at a juvenile development stage. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2022, 41 (9), 878-894.
Herbinger, K.; Tausz, M.; Wonisch, A.; Soja, G.; Sorger, A.; Grill, D., Complex interactive effects of drought and ozone stress on the antioxidant defence systems of two wheat cultivars. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2002, 40 (6-8), 691-696.
Hosseinian, S. H.; Akbari, N.; Eisvand, H. R.; Akbarpour, O.; Saeedinia, M., Effect of drought stress and glycine betaine as foliar application on photosynthesis parameters of chickpea. Water and Irrigation Management 2018, 8 (2), 227-236. (In Persian)
Khandani, Y.; Gholami, M.; Sarikhani, H.; Chehregani Rad, A., Response of some vegetative and physiological traits of Iranian and foreign grape cultivars to drought stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function 2022, 11 (51), 153-174. (In Persian)
Kochert, G., Carbohydrate determination by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Handbook of phycological methods, Physiological and biochemical methods. 1978, 95.
La, V. H.; Lee, B.-R.; Zhang, Q.; Park, S.-H.; Islam, M. T.; Kim, T.-H., Salicylic acid improves drought-stress tolerance by regulating the redox status and proline metabolism in Brassica rapa. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2019, 60, 31-40.
Lichtenthaler, H. K., [34] Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. In Methods in enzymology, Elsevier: 1987; Vol. 148, pp 350-382.
Muller, B.; Pantin, F.; Génard, M.; Turc, O.; Freixes, S.; Piques, M.; Gibon, Y., Water deficits uncouple growth from photosynthesis, increase C content, and modify the relationships between C and growth in sink organs. Journal of experimental botany 2011, 62 (6), 1715-1729.
Omidi, H.; Pirjalili, F.; Ahmadi, K., Evaluation of the Effect of Drought Stress on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Three Populations of Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth.). Journal Of Horticultural Science 2021, 34 (4), 605-620. (In Persian)
Peters, R. L.; Steppe, K.; Cuny, H. E.; De Pauw, D. J.; Frank, D. C.; Schaub, M.; Rathgeber, C. B.; Cabon, A.; Fonti, P., Turgor–a limiting factor for radial growth in mature conifers along an elevational gradient. New Phytologist 2021, 229 (1), 213-229.
Pirzad, A.; Alyari, H.; Shakiba, M.; Zehtab-Salmasi, S.; Mohammadi, A., Effect of water stress on chlorophyll amounts in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). VIII Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Hatay, Turkiye 2009, 315-317.
Ritchie, S. W.; Nguyen, H. T.; Holaday, A. S., Leaf water content and gas‐exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop science 1990, 30 (1), 105-111.
Sevanto, S.; Mcdowell, N. G.; Dickman, L. T.; Pangle, R.; Pockman, W. T., How do trees die? A test of the hydraulic failure and carbon starvation hypotheses. Plant, cell & environment 2014, 37 (1), 153-161.
Sourestani, M. M., The study on diurnal changes in leaf gas exchange of lemon balm, catnip, holy basil and sweet basil in Ahvaz. Journal of Horticulture Science 2016, 30 (3), 395-405. (In Persian)
Tiwari, H.; Agarwal, R.; Bhatt, R., Photosynthesis, stomatal resistance and related characteristics as influenced by potassium under normal water supply and water stress conditions in ri ce (Oryaza sativa l.). Indian journal of plant physiology 1998, 3 (4), 314-316.
Toupchi Khosrowshahi, Z.; Salehi Lisar, S. Y.; Ghassemi-Golezani, K.; Motafakkerazad, R., Effects of exogenous polyamines on some growth and physiological parameters of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology) 2020, 33 (1), 127-138. (In Persian)
Turner, N. C., Turgor maintenance by osmotic adjustment: 40 years of progress. Journal of experimental botany 2018, 69 (13), 3223-3233.
Voko, M. P.; Kulkarni, M. G.; Ngoroyemoto, N.; Gupta, S.; Finnie, J. F.; Van Staden, J., Vermicompost leachate, seaweed extract and smoke-water alleviate drought stress in cowpea by influencing phytochemicals, compatible solutes and photosynthetic pigments. Plant Growth Regulation 2022, 97 (2), 327-342.
Zahedi, M.; Hosseini, M. S.; Karimi, M., The effects of drought stress and brassinosteroid solution spray on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wild pear (Pyrus biossieriana Buhse. Journal of Plant Process and Function 2019, 8 (29), 181-192. (In Persian)
Zahreddine, H. G.; Struve, D. K.; Talhouk, S. N., Growth and nutrient partitioning of containerized Cercis siliquastrum L. under two fertilizer regimes. Scientia horticulturae 2007, 112 (1), 80-88.
Zamani Kebrabadi, B.; Hojjati, S. M.; Rejali, F.; Esmaeili Sharif, M.; Saboohi, R., Investigation of the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on seedlings Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under drought stress under controlled conditions. Forest Research and Development 2022, 7 (4), 623-638. (In Persian)