ارزیابی پیامدهای بازسازی شبکه جاده در جنگل گیان با روش تحلیلیSWOT

Background and Objective: Gyan Forest is the only remaining Zagros Forest in Hamedan Province. This forest has a high recreational value for tourists within the province as well as other parts of the country. . Today, with the asphalting of this road, traffic is easier and as a result, the number of tourists entering this forest has increased day by day. Different departments and institutions in Nahavand County have different opinions regarding the management of this forest. According to some experts, the protection and complete enclosure of this forest is essential for its survival, while others believe in transforming it into a series of tourist-oriented and income-generating service and recreation centers. Currently, this forest cannot be removed from the list of scenic spots in the province, nor is it possible to completely enclose it. Of course, continuing the current trend will also lead to the gradual destruction and loss of this valuable forest. The movement of tourists and vehicles throughout the forest, the presence of various types of stalls and booths, soil compaction, lighting fires in various places, breaking tree branches, etc. will lead to many problems. It should be noted that the livelihood of some residents of Gyan city depends on this forest. The reconstruction of the Gyan forest roads network has had an impact on various aspects of the environment and tourism of this forest. The purpose of this research is to use the opinions and views of stakeholders and individuals who are involved in this forest and its related issues in some way.
Material and Methods: In this study, the status of the forest and its future strategy were determined using the opinions of forest-related experts using SWOT analysis. In the first stage, open-ended questionnaires (35 questionnaires) were provided to experts from the Nahavand County Natural Resources Department, the Nahavand County Environmental Department, the Nahavand County Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, Gyan Municipality, and researchers from the Hamadan Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center to express their opinions on the four factors of strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat. After the opinions were summarized, a second questionnaire was distributed with the aim of numbering the factors. The scoring was based on a Likert scale (1-5). After the collection, a forestry expert was asked to weight the factors according to their importance. The basis of the work was that the expert first listed the strengths and then the weaknesses in order of importance and assigned each factor a weighting coefficient between zero (unimportant) and one (very important). The same was done for the opportunities and threats. Internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats were analyzed in the relevant matrices (internal and external factors assessment matrix). Finally, to determine the final score of each factor, the coefficient of each factor was multiplied by its score. The use of a weighting coefficient is because different factors do not have the same impact on the state of the forest, so by determining the weighting coefficient, the importance of the more important factors was determined. To select the factors, since each factor has a long description, summarizing the factors helped to find them more easily. Next, the average of the factors, the maximum and minimum of each factor in different departments were obtained, and finally, based on the results of summing up the internal and external factors in each department, the strategy of that department was determined.
Results: The results showed that the maximum average of the opinions of the experts of the relevant departments regarding the internal factor of the strength of the reconstruction of the roads network of Gyan forest is the inspection of the officers (3.94) and the minimum is related to the access of the researchers (3.17). The maximum average of the opinions of the experts of the relevant departments regarding the internal factor of the weakness of the reconstruction of the roads network of Gyan forest is the inappropriate density of the road (3.75) and the minimum is related to the low safety of the road (2.72). Also, the findings of the research showed that the factors of unit management and increasing the income of the communities had the maximum average according to the experts (4.17), while the cycling and walking road (3.00) had the lowest value. The findings of the research regarding the maximum and minimum average of the external threat factor in different departments showed that the threat factor of genetic reserves (4.28) had the highest value and the construction of facilities (3.33) had the lowest value. According to the research findings, the most important strength factor is forest-related services. Based on the results, the low level of road safety standards and the use of inappropriate road materials were reported as important weaknesses in the reconstruction of the forest roads network. The highest score for the opportunity factor was given to the unit management of all economic, natural, cultural, and historical facilities by the elected council of relevant forest departments. Regarding the external threat factor, the most important factor was the lack of a unit management consisting of officials and experts from departments related to the Gyan forest.
Conclusion: In general, based on the research findings, it was determined that the most important factor of strength is the services related to the forest. The low level of road safety standards and the use of inappropriate road materials were also among the most important weaknesses. In relation to the external factor of opportunity, the highest score was given to the unit management of all economic, natural, cultural and historical facilities by the selected council of relevant departments to comprehensively advance the environmental, tourism and economic goals of local communities in the Gyan forest. Also, regarding the external factor of threat, the most important factor was the lack of unit management consisting of officials and experts from the various units involved. In general, the overall strategy in this forest was determined as a competitive strategy (ST).